102 Massey Avenue
327 - Fairview/Kingsdale Kitchener N2C 1M5

$979,000
Residential Income beds: 6 baths: 3.0 2,325 sq. ft. built: 1959

Brick exterior with stone veneer detailing
Photo 1: 102 Massey Avenue in Kitchener: 327 - Fairview/Kingsdale Multi-3 Unit for sale (3 - Kitchener West)  : MLS®# 40867994
Photo 2: 102 Massey Avenue in Kitchener: 327 - Fairview/Kingsdale Multi-3 Unit for sale (3 - Kitchener West)  : MLS®# 40867994
Photo 3: 102 Massey Avenue in Kitchener: 327 - Fairview/Kingsdale Multi-3 Unit for sale (3 - Kitchener West)  : MLS®# 40867994
Photo 4: 102 Massey Avenue in Kitchener: 327 - Fairview/Kingsdale Multi-3 Unit for sale (3 - Kitchener West)  : MLS®# 40867994
Photo 5: 102 Massey Avenue in Kitchener: 327 - Fairview/Kingsdale Multi-3 Unit for sale (3 - Kitchener West)  : MLS®# 40867994
Photo 6: 102 Massey Avenue in Kitchener: 327 - Fairview/Kingsdale Multi-3 Unit for sale (3 - Kitchener West)  : MLS®# 40867994
Photo 7: 102 Massey Avenue in Kitchener: 327 - Fairview/Kingsdale Multi-3 Unit for sale (3 - Kitchener West)  : MLS®# 40867994
Photo 8: 102 Massey Avenue in Kitchener: 327 - Fairview/Kingsdale Multi-3 Unit for sale (3 - Kitchener West)  : MLS®# 40867994
Photo 9: 102 Massey Avenue in Kitchener: 327 - Fairview/Kingsdale Multi-3 Unit for sale (3 - Kitchener West)  : MLS®# 40867994
Photo 10: 102 Massey Avenue in Kitchener: 327 - Fairview/Kingsdale Multi-3 Unit for sale (3 - Kitchener West)  : MLS®# 40867994
Photo 11: 102 Massey Avenue in Kitchener: 327 - Fairview/Kingsdale Multi-3 Unit for sale (3 - Kitchener West)  : MLS®# 40867994
Photo 12: 102 Massey Avenue in Kitchener: 327 - Fairview/Kingsdale Multi-3 Unit for sale (3 - Kitchener West)  : MLS®# 40867994
Photo 13: 102 Massey Avenue in Kitchener: 327 - Fairview/Kingsdale Multi-3 Unit for sale (3 - Kitchener West)  : MLS®# 40867994
Photo 14: 102 Massey Avenue in Kitchener: 327 - Fairview/Kingsdale Multi-3 Unit for sale (3 - Kitchener West)  : MLS®# 40867994
Photo 15: 102 Massey Avenue in Kitchener: 327 - Fairview/Kingsdale Multi-3 Unit for sale (3 - Kitchener West)  : MLS®# 40867994
Photo 16: 102 Massey Avenue in Kitchener: 327 - Fairview/Kingsdale Multi-3 Unit for sale (3 - Kitchener West)  : MLS®# 40867994
Photo 17: 102 Massey Avenue in Kitchener: 327 - Fairview/Kingsdale Multi-3 Unit for sale (3 - Kitchener West)  : MLS®# 40867994
Photo 18: 102 Massey Avenue in Kitchener: 327 - Fairview/Kingsdale Multi-3 Unit for sale (3 - Kitchener West)  : MLS®# 40867994
Photo 19: 102 Massey Avenue in Kitchener: 327 - Fairview/Kingsdale Multi-3 Unit for sale (3 - Kitchener West)  : MLS®# 40867994
Photo 20: 102 Massey Avenue in Kitchener: 327 - Fairview/Kingsdale Multi-3 Unit for sale (3 - Kitchener West)  : MLS®# 40867994
Photo 21: 102 Massey Avenue in Kitchener: 327 - Fairview/Kingsdale Multi-3 Unit for sale (3 - Kitchener West)  : MLS®# 40867994
Photo 22: 102 Massey Avenue in Kitchener: 327 - Fairview/Kingsdale Multi-3 Unit for sale (3 - Kitchener West)  : MLS®# 40867994
Photo 23: 102 Massey Avenue in Kitchener: 327 - Fairview/Kingsdale Multi-3 Unit for sale (3 - Kitchener West)  : MLS®# 40867994
Photo 24: 102 Massey Avenue in Kitchener: 327 - Fairview/Kingsdale Multi-3 Unit for sale (3 - Kitchener West)  : MLS®# 40867994
Photo 25: 102 Massey Avenue in Kitchener: 327 - Fairview/Kingsdale Multi-3 Unit for sale (3 - Kitchener West)  : MLS®# 40867994
Photo 26: 102 Massey Avenue in Kitchener: 327 - Fairview/Kingsdale Multi-3 Unit for sale (3 - Kitchener West)  : MLS®# 40867994
Photo 27: 102 Massey Avenue in Kitchener: 327 - Fairview/Kingsdale Multi-3 Unit for sale (3 - Kitchener West)  : MLS®# 40867994
Photo 28: 102 Massey Avenue in Kitchener: 327 - Fairview/Kingsdale Multi-3 Unit for sale (3 - Kitchener West)  : MLS®# 40867994
Photo 29: 102 Massey Avenue in Kitchener: 327 - Fairview/Kingsdale Multi-3 Unit for sale (3 - Kitchener West)  : MLS®# 40867994
Photo 30: 102 Massey Avenue in Kitchener: 327 - Fairview/Kingsdale Multi-3 Unit for sale (3 - Kitchener West)  : MLS®# 40867994
Photo 31: 102 Massey Avenue in Kitchener: 327 - Fairview/Kingsdale Multi-3 Unit for sale (3 - Kitchener West)  : MLS®# 40867994
Photo 32: 102 Massey Avenue in Kitchener: 327 - Fairview/Kingsdale Multi-3 Unit for sale (3 - Kitchener West)  : MLS®# 40867994
Photo 33: 102 Massey Avenue in Kitchener: 327 - Fairview/Kingsdale Multi-3 Unit for sale (3 - Kitchener West)  : MLS®# 40867994
Photo 34: 102 Massey Avenue in Kitchener: 327 - Fairview/Kingsdale Multi-3 Unit for sale (3 - Kitchener West)  : MLS®# 40867994
Photo 35: 102 Massey Avenue in Kitchener: 327 - Fairview/Kingsdale Multi-3 Unit for sale (3 - Kitchener West)  : MLS®# 40867994
Photo 36: 102 Massey Avenue in Kitchener: 327 - Fairview/Kingsdale Multi-3 Unit for sale (3 - Kitchener West)  : MLS®# 40867994
Photo 37: 102 Massey Avenue in Kitchener: 327 - Fairview/Kingsdale Multi-3 Unit for sale (3 - Kitchener West)  : MLS®# 40867994
Photo 38: 102 Massey Avenue in Kitchener: 327 - Fairview/Kingsdale Multi-3 Unit for sale (3 - Kitchener West)  : MLS®# 40867994
Photo 39: 102 Massey Avenue in Kitchener: 327 - Fairview/Kingsdale Multi-3 Unit for sale (3 - Kitchener West)  : MLS®# 40867994
Photo 40: 102 Massey Avenue in Kitchener: 327 - Fairview/Kingsdale Multi-3 Unit for sale (3 - Kitchener West)  : MLS®# 40867994
Photo 41: 102 Massey Avenue in Kitchener: 327 - Fairview/Kingsdale Multi-3 Unit for sale (3 - Kitchener West)  : MLS®# 40867994
Photo 42: 102 Massey Avenue in Kitchener: 327 - Fairview/Kingsdale Multi-3 Unit for sale (3 - Kitchener West)  : MLS®# 40867994
Photo 43: 102 Massey Avenue in Kitchener: 327 - Fairview/Kingsdale Multi-3 Unit for sale (3 - Kitchener West)  : MLS®# 40867994
Photo 44: 102 Massey Avenue in Kitchener: 327 - Fairview/Kingsdale Multi-3 Unit for sale (3 - Kitchener West)  : MLS®# 40867994
Photo 45: 102 Massey Avenue in Kitchener: 327 - Fairview/Kingsdale Multi-3 Unit for sale (3 - Kitchener West)  : MLS®# 40867994
Photo 46: 102 Massey Avenue in Kitchener: 327 - Fairview/Kingsdale Multi-3 Unit for sale (3 - Kitchener West)  : MLS®# 40867994
Photo 47: 102 Massey Avenue in Kitchener: 327 - Fairview/Kingsdale Multi-3 Unit for sale (3 - Kitchener West)  : MLS®# 40867994
Photo 48: 102 Massey Avenue in Kitchener: 327 - Fairview/Kingsdale Multi-3 Unit for sale (3 - Kitchener West)  : MLS®# 40867994
Status:
Active
Prop. Type:
Residential Income
MLS® Num:
40867994
Bedrooms:
6
Bathrooms:
3
Year Built:
1959
Rare 3 Unit Property in the Heart of Kitchener! Welcome to this versatile and income-generating property featuring 3 separate units, making it an excellent opportunity for homeowners, investors, or multi-generational families. Unit 1: Main-floor bungalow featuring 3 bedrooms Unit 2: Legal basement apartment with separate entrance and 2 bedrooms Unit 3: Newly built legal 1-bedroom backyard apartment-style unit The property has been thoughtfully upgraded, including new flooring, updated bathrooms and kitchens, new appliances, basement windows, new airconditioner, new heat pump for backyard unit and a newly constructed backyard unit. All available City permit documentation is attached to the listing. Enjoy the flexibility to live in one unit and rent the other two, occupy two units and rent one, accommodate a large or multi-generational family across all three units, or rent out all three units for potential rental income. A unique opportunity to own a legal 3-unit property in a prime Kitchener location with multiple living and investment possibilities.
Property Type:
Residential Income
Property SubType:
Multi-3 Unit
Year built:
1959 (Age: 67)
Listing General Location:
327 - Fairview/Kingsdale, 3 - Kitchener West
Bedrooms:
6
Bathrooms:
3.0 (Full:-/Half:-)
Lot Details:
50.9 x 109.12
Lot Depth:
109'1½"
Lot Frontage:
50'10¾"
Frontage Type:
South
Lot Shape:
59.86 ft x 110.00 ft
Kitchens:
0
County Or Parish:
Waterloo
Features:
Attached Garage: No, Crops Included: No, Garage: Yes, New Construction: No
Construction:
Brick
Basement:
Full, Finished
Roof:
Asphalt Shing
Number of Storeys:
1
Number of Buildings:
1
Total Floor Area:
2,325 sq. ft.
Finished Area Above Grade:
1,476 sq. ft.
Finished Area Below Grade:
849 sq. ft.
Fireplace:
false
Laundry Features:
In-Suite
Water Supply:
Municipal
Sewer:
Sewer (Municipal)
Cooling:
Central Air, Ductless
Heating:
Forced Air, Natural Gas, Heat Pump
Other,Three Stove, Fridge,Dishwasher,Washer,Dryer - Each Unit Has Its Own Appliances
Dishwasher, Dryer, Refrigerator, Stove, Washer
None
Accessory Apartment, Separate Hydro Meters
Patio
false
No
Vanier Dr. to Erie Ave. to Massey Ave.
No
HST Applicable To Sale Price:
Included
Features:
Attached Garage: No, Crops Included: No, Garage: Yes, New Construction: No
Zoning:
R2A
Fencing:
Fence - Partial
Lot Site Features:
Irregular Lot, Highway Access, Park, Rec./Community Centre, Schools
Features:
Attached Garage: No, Crops Included: No, Garage: Yes, New Construction: No
Garage Spaces:
1.0
Parking Places Covered:
1.0
Parking:
Detached Garage, Asphalt, Concrete
# Of Total Parking Spaces:
3.0
# Of Open Parking Spaces:
2.0
Driveway Parking:
Carport Parking, Private Drive Single Wide
Num Apartment Units:
0
Num Bachelor Units:
0
Num Efficiency Units:
0
Num Loft Units:
0
Num Other Units:
0
Num Penthouse Units:
0
Num Studio Units:
0
Listed Date:
Oct 01, 2026
  • Photo 1: 102 Massey Avenue in Kitchener: 327 - Fairview/Kingsdale Multi-3 Unit for sale (3 - Kitchener West)  : MLS®# 40867994
    Brick exterior with stone veneer detailing
  • Photo 2: 102 Massey Avenue in Kitchener: 327 - Fairview/Kingsdale Multi-3 Unit for sale (3 - Kitchener West)  : MLS®# 40867994
    Brick exterior with stone accents, enclosed porch, and a dedicated carport
  • Photo 3: 102 Massey Avenue in Kitchener: 327 - Fairview/Kingsdale Multi-3 Unit for sale (3 - Kitchener West)  : MLS®# 40867994
    Recessed ceiling lighting, light gray wall paint, and wood-finish flooring
  • Photo 4: 102 Massey Avenue in Kitchener: 327 - Fairview/Kingsdale Multi-3 Unit for sale (3 - Kitchener West)  : MLS®# 40867994
    Recessed lighting, light gray wall finish, wood-finish flooring, white window trim, and baseboard molding
  • Photo 5: 102 Massey Avenue in Kitchener: 327 - Fairview/Kingsdale Multi-3 Unit for sale (3 - Kitchener West)  : MLS®# 40867994
    Recessed lighting, wood-finish flooring, light grey walls, and white trim
  • Photo 6: 102 Massey Avenue in Kitchener: 327 - Fairview/Kingsdale Multi-3 Unit for sale (3 - Kitchener West)  : MLS®# 40867994
    Kitchen featuring light-toned cabinetry, quartz countertops, stainless steel appliances, wood-finish flooring, and a ceiling fan with integrated lighting
  • Photo 7: 102 Massey Avenue in Kitchener: 327 - Fairview/Kingsdale Multi-3 Unit for sale (3 - Kitchener West)  : MLS®# 40867994
    White shaker-style cabinetry with matte black hardware
  • Photo 8: 102 Massey Avenue in Kitchener: 327 - Fairview/Kingsdale Multi-3 Unit for sale (3 - Kitchener West)  : MLS®# 40867994
    Wood-finish flooring throughout
  • Photo 9: 102 Massey Avenue in Kitchener: 327 - Fairview/Kingsdale Multi-3 Unit for sale (3 - Kitchener West)  : MLS®# 40867994
    Stackable laundry appliances, wood-finish flooring, recessed lighting, white interior door, and a frosted shower enclosure
  • Photo 10: 102 Massey Avenue in Kitchener: 327 - Fairview/Kingsdale Multi-3 Unit for sale (3 - Kitchener West)  : MLS®# 40867994
    Wood-finish flooring, light gray wall paint, and a ceiling fan with integrated lighting
  • Photo 11: 102 Massey Avenue in Kitchener: 327 - Fairview/Kingsdale Multi-3 Unit for sale (3 - Kitchener West)  : MLS®# 40867994
    Wood-finish flooring, ceiling fan with integrated lighting, white trim, and a window with natural light
  • Photo 12: 102 Massey Avenue in Kitchener: 327 - Fairview/Kingsdale Multi-3 Unit for sale (3 - Kitchener West)  : MLS®# 40867994
    Walk-in shower with a glass enclosure and marble-look tile surround
  • Photo 13: 102 Massey Avenue in Kitchener: 327 - Fairview/Kingsdale Multi-3 Unit for sale (3 - Kitchener West)  : MLS®# 40867994
    Wood-finish flooring, white trim, and a window with blinds
  • Photo 14: 102 Massey Avenue in Kitchener: 327 - Fairview/Kingsdale Multi-3 Unit for sale (3 - Kitchener West)  : MLS®# 40867994
    Additional content
  • Photo 15: 102 Massey Avenue in Kitchener: 327 - Fairview/Kingsdale Multi-3 Unit for sale (3 - Kitchener West)  : MLS®# 40867994
    Compact kitchen with a stainless steel sink, light-colored countertops, and white cabinetry
  • Photo 16: 102 Massey Avenue in Kitchener: 327 - Fairview/Kingsdale Multi-3 Unit for sale (3 - Kitchener West)  : MLS®# 40867994
    Laundry area with wood-finish flooring, white built-in cabinetry, and a stacked washer and dryer
  • Photo 17: 102 Massey Avenue in Kitchener: 327 - Fairview/Kingsdale Multi-3 Unit for sale (3 - Kitchener West)  : MLS®# 40867994
    Glass-enclosed shower with white marble-look tile, built-in shower niche, white vanity with integrated sink, chrome faucet, and rectangular framed mirror
  • Photo 18: 102 Massey Avenue in Kitchener: 327 - Fairview/Kingsdale Multi-3 Unit for sale (3 - Kitchener West)  : MLS®# 40867994
    Wood-finish flooring, recessed lighting, and wall-mounted light fixture
  • Photo 19: 102 Massey Avenue in Kitchener: 327 - Fairview/Kingsdale Multi-3 Unit for sale (3 - Kitchener West)  : MLS®# 40867994
    Wood-finish flooring, white bi-fold closet doors, built-in storage cabinet, recessed lighting, and a flush mount light fixture
  • Photo 20: 102 Massey Avenue in Kitchener: 327 - Fairview/Kingsdale Multi-3 Unit for sale (3 - Kitchener West)  : MLS®# 40867994
    Brightly lit room featuring wood-finish flooring, light grey walls, and a corner-set wood-burning stove with a brick surround
  • Photo 21: 102 Massey Avenue in Kitchener: 327 - Fairview/Kingsdale Multi-3 Unit for sale (3 - Kitchener West)  : MLS®# 40867994
    Wood-finish flooring throughout, white baseboards, and neutral wall paint
  • Photo 22: 102 Massey Avenue in Kitchener: 327 - Fairview/Kingsdale Multi-3 Unit for sale (3 - Kitchener West)  : MLS®# 40867994
    Wood-finish flooring with white baseboards, a mirrored closet, and flush mount ceiling lights
  • Photo 23: 102 Massey Avenue in Kitchener: 327 - Fairview/Kingsdale Multi-3 Unit for sale (3 - Kitchener West)  : MLS®# 40867994
    Photo 23 of 48
  • Photo 24: 102 Massey Avenue in Kitchener: 327 - Fairview/Kingsdale Multi-3 Unit for sale (3 - Kitchener West)  : MLS®# 40867994
    Manicured lawn with a stepping stone pathway
  • Photo 25: 102 Massey Avenue in Kitchener: 327 - Fairview/Kingsdale Multi-3 Unit for sale (3 - Kitchener West)  : MLS®# 40867994
    Wood-finish flooring with white trim, a white paneled door with a glass insert, and a large vertical window
  • Photo 26: 102 Massey Avenue in Kitchener: 327 - Fairview/Kingsdale Multi-3 Unit for sale (3 - Kitchener West)  : MLS®# 40867994
    Vaulted ceiling with recessed lighting
  • Photo 27: 102 Massey Avenue in Kitchener: 327 - Fairview/Kingsdale Multi-3 Unit for sale (3 - Kitchener West)  : MLS®# 40867994
    Wood-finish flooring, recessed lighting, and a vaulted ceiling
  • Photo 28: 102 Massey Avenue in Kitchener: 327 - Fairview/Kingsdale Multi-3 Unit for sale (3 - Kitchener West)  : MLS®# 40867994
    Vaulted ceiling, recessed lighting, wood-finish flooring, white cabinetry, stainless steel appliances
  • Photo 29: 102 Massey Avenue in Kitchener: 327 - Fairview/Kingsdale Multi-3 Unit for sale (3 - Kitchener West)  : MLS®# 40867994
    Photo 29 of 48
  • Photo 30: 102 Massey Avenue in Kitchener: 327 - Fairview/Kingsdale Multi-3 Unit for sale (3 - Kitchener West)  : MLS®# 40867994
    Kitchen featuring white high-gloss cabinetry, stainless steel appliances, and a solid surface countertop
  • Photo 31: 102 Massey Avenue in Kitchener: 327 - Fairview/Kingsdale Multi-3 Unit for sale (3 - Kitchener West)  : MLS®# 40867994
    High ceilings, wood-finish flooring, white paneled doors, white kitchen cabinetry, and stainless steel dishwasher
  • Photo 32: 102 Massey Avenue in Kitchener: 327 - Fairview/Kingsdale Multi-3 Unit for sale (3 - Kitchener West)  : MLS®# 40867994
    Kitchen featuring wood-finish flooring, white cabinetry, stainless steel appliances, and a white countertop with a matching backsplash
  • Photo 33: 102 Massey Avenue in Kitchener: 327 - Fairview/Kingsdale Multi-3 Unit for sale (3 - Kitchener West)  : MLS®# 40867994
    Kitchen featuring white cabinetry, stainless steel appliances, white countertops, and a full-height backsplash
  • Photo 34: 102 Massey Avenue in Kitchener: 327 - Fairview/Kingsdale Multi-3 Unit for sale (3 - Kitchener West)  : MLS®# 40867994
    White corner vanity with integrated sink, chrome faucet, white toilet, and glass-enclosed shower with large format wall tiles and a pebble tile floor
  • Photo 35: 102 Massey Avenue in Kitchener: 327 - Fairview/Kingsdale Multi-3 Unit for sale (3 - Kitchener West)  : MLS®# 40867994
    Vaulted ceiling with a flush-mount light fixture
  • Photo 36: 102 Massey Avenue in Kitchener: 327 - Fairview/Kingsdale Multi-3 Unit for sale (3 - Kitchener West)  : MLS®# 40867994
    Angled ceiling featuring a recessed light and wall-mounted air conditioning unit
  • Photo 37: 102 Massey Avenue in Kitchener: 327 - Fairview/Kingsdale Multi-3 Unit for sale (3 - Kitchener West)  : MLS®# 40867994
    Wood-finish flooring, white trim, recessed lighting, and wall-mounted air conditioning unit
  • Photo 38: 102 Massey Avenue in Kitchener: 327 - Fairview/Kingsdale Multi-3 Unit for sale (3 - Kitchener West)  : MLS®# 40867994
    Stacked front-loading washer and dryer
  • Photo 39: 102 Massey Avenue in Kitchener: 327 - Fairview/Kingsdale Multi-3 Unit for sale (3 - Kitchener West)  : MLS®# 40867994
    Photo 39 of 48
  • Photo 40: 102 Massey Avenue in Kitchener: 327 - Fairview/Kingsdale Multi-3 Unit for sale (3 - Kitchener West)  : MLS®# 40867994
    Exterior siding with rectangular windows, a white door, and a modern roofline
  • Photo 41: 102 Massey Avenue in Kitchener: 327 - Fairview/Kingsdale Multi-3 Unit for sale (3 - Kitchener West)  : MLS®# 40867994
    Expansive grassy yard with concrete stepping stones, brick exterior, wood fence, and a covered carport with an adjacent shed
  • Photo 42: 102 Massey Avenue in Kitchener: 327 - Fairview/Kingsdale Multi-3 Unit for sale (3 - Kitchener West)  : MLS®# 40867994
    Red brick exterior with a wood fence and a grassy side yard
  • Photo 43: 102 Massey Avenue in Kitchener: 327 - Fairview/Kingsdale Multi-3 Unit for sale (3 - Kitchener West)  : MLS®# 40867994
    Brick exterior with a covered carport, established lawn, wood fence, and a storage shed
  • Photo 44: 102 Massey Avenue in Kitchener: 327 - Fairview/Kingsdale Multi-3 Unit for sale (3 - Kitchener West)  : MLS®# 40867994
    Expansive rear yard featuring green lawn, established privacy hedges, perimeter fencing, brick exterior, and a covered patio structure
  • Photo 45: 102 Massey Avenue in Kitchener: 327 - Fairview/Kingsdale Multi-3 Unit for sale (3 - Kitchener West)  : MLS®# 40867994
    Photo 45 of 48
  • Photo 46: 102 Massey Avenue in Kitchener: 327 - Fairview/Kingsdale Multi-3 Unit for sale (3 - Kitchener West)  : MLS®# 40867994
    Floor plan
  • Photo 47: 102 Massey Avenue in Kitchener: 327 - Fairview/Kingsdale Multi-3 Unit for sale (3 - Kitchener West)  : MLS®# 40867994
    Floor plan
  • Photo 48: 102 Massey Avenue in Kitchener: 327 - Fairview/Kingsdale Multi-3 Unit for sale (3 - Kitchener West)  : MLS®# 40867994
    Floor plan
Listed by YOUR GTA REAL ESTATE INC BROKERAGE
Data was last updated October 5, 2026 at 05:50 PM (UTC)
Area Statistics
Listings on market:
18
Avg list price:
$1,099,000
Min list price:
$629,900
Max list price:
$2,200,000
Avg days on market:
29
Min days on market:
2
Max days on market:
245
Avg price per sq.ft.:
$359.31
These statistics are generated based on the current listing's property type and located in 3 - Kitchener West. Average values are derived using median calculations. This data is not produced by the MLS® system.